WEB applications: Introduction to DEVELOPMENT free ebook

free academy web develop

Internet, the network of networks, came about in the mid-1970s under the auspices of DARPA, the United States Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. DARPA launched a research programme into techniques and technologies to connect several packet switching networks that would allow the computers connected in these networks to communicate with one another easily and transparently. These projects led to the birth of a data communication protocol called IP, the Internet Protocol, which allowed several computers to communicate through a network, the Internet, formed by the interconnection of several networks.[ad code=1 align=center]
The amazing success of the Web is down to two basic features: HTTP protocol and HTML language. The first allows straightforward and easy implementation of a communications system so that any type of file can be easily sent, simplifying the operation of the server, allowing low-power servers to deal with thousands of requests and cutting deployment costs. The second feature provides an easy and straightforward mechanism for composing linked pages that is also highly efficient and very user-friendly. HTML documents are created as plain text documents (with no special formatting) in which all text formatting is specified using textual marks (called tags) that delimit the content affected by the tag (start and end tags are used). These tags are textual marks that begin with the character <, followed by the name of the tag and any additional attributes, and end with the character >.
XML is the abbreviation of Extensible Markup Language. It is a World Wide Web Consortium recommendation (http://www.w3.org is a basic reference for XML), whose original aim was to rise to the challenge of the electronic publication of documents on a large scale. XML is becoming increasingly important in the exchange of a wide variety of information on the Web and in other contexts. XML derives from a markup language called SGML (an ISO standard, specifically ISO-8879) and it is a subset of SGML whose aim is to be served, received and processed on the Web like HTML. XML was designed for simplicity of implementation and interoperability with SGML and HTML, and for use in the design of data-based applications.

The book covered all the content and topics about WEB applications

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1. Introduction to the Internet…………………………………………………. 5
2. The WWW as an Internet service………………………………………….. 7
2.1. A brief history of the WWW ……………………………………………… 7
2.2. Web basics ……………………………………………………………………….. 7
2.2.1. HTTP …………………………………………………………………… 8
2.2.2. HTML language ……………………………………………………. 12
3. History of web applications………………………………………………….. 14
1. Basic web server concepts……………………………………………………… 5
1.1. Static file service ………………………………………………………………. 5
1.2. Security and authentication ………………………………………………. 6
1.3. Dynamic content ……………………………………………………………… 7
1.4. Virtual servers …………………………………………………………………… 7
1.5. Extra features ……………………………………………………………………. 7
1.6. Acting as representatives ……………………………………………………. 8
1.7. Additional protocols …………………………………………………………. 9
2. Apache server………………………………………………………………………….. 10
2.1. The birth of Apache ………………………………………………………….. 10
2.2. Installing Apache ……………………………………………………………… 11
2.2.1. Compiling from source …………………………………………. 11
2.2.2. Installation with binary packages …………………………… 12
2.3. Configuring Apache ………………………………………………………….. 13
2.3.1. Configuration file structure ……………………………………. 13
2.3.2. Global configuration directives ………………………………. 15
2.3.3. Main directives …………………………………………………….. 15
2.3.4. Section directives ………………………………………………….. 17
2.3.5. Virtual servers ………………………………………………………. 18
3. Other free software web servers……………………………………………. 21
3.1. AOLServer ………………………………………………………………………… 21
3.2. Roxen and Caudium …………………………………………………………. 21
3.3. thttpd ………………………………………………………………………………. 22
3.4. Jetty …………………………………………………………………………………. 23
4. Practical: installing a web server…………………………………………. 24
4.1. Exercise ……………………………………………………………………………. 24
4.2. Solution …………………………………………………………………………… 24
Bibliography………………………………………………………………………………….. 27
Web page design
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………….. 5
1. Basic HTML……………………………………………………………………………… 7
1.1. Structure of HTML documents …………………………………………… 8
1.1.1. Comments ……………………………………………………………. 8
1.2. Blocks of text …………………………………………………………………… 8
1.2.1. Paragraphs ……………………………………………………………. 9
1.2.2. Line breaks …………………………………………………………… 9
1.2.3. Horizontal rules ……………………………………………………. 9
1.2.4. Quoted paragraphs ……………………………………………….. 9
1.2.5. Dividing text into blocks ………………………………………. 10
1.2.6. Pre-formatted text …………………………………………………. 10
1.3. Logical tags ………………………………………………………………………. 12
1.4. Fonts ……………………………………………………………………………….. 13
1.4.1. Headers ………………………………………………………………… 14
1.4.2. Font …………………………………………………………………….. 14
1.4.3. Font styles ……………………………………………………………. 14
1.4.4. Character entities ………………………………………………….. 16
1.5. Links ……………………………………………………………………………….. 17
1.5.1. Links ……………………………………………………………………. 17
1.5.2. Destinations …………………………………………………………. 17
1.6. Lists …………………………………………………………………………………. 18
1.6.1. Unordered lists ……………………………………………………… 19
1.6.2. Ordered (numbered) lists ……………………………………….. 19
1.6.3. Lists of definitions ………………………………………………… 19
1.7. Images ……………………………………………………………………………… 21
1.8. Tables ………………………………………………………………………………. 22
1.8.1. The
tag. …………………………………………………. 22
1.8.2. The tag. ………………………………………………………. 23
1.8.3. The and tags ……………………………………….. 23
1.8.4. The tag. ……………………………………………… 23
1.9. Forms ………………………………………………………………………………. 25
1.9.1. Form elements ……………………………………………………… 26
2. Advanced HTML……………………………………………………………………… 31
2.1. Style sheets ………………………………………………………………………. 31
2.1.1. Style sheet format …………………………………………………. 31
2.1.2. The SPAN and DIV tags …………………………………………. 32
2.1.3. More important properties …………………………………….. 33
2.1.4. Text properties ……………………………………………………… 33
2.1.5. Block properties ……………………………………………………. 34
2.1.6. Other properties ……………………………………………………. 35
2.2. Layers ………………………………………………………………………………. 35
3. Dynamic HTML……………………………………………………………………….. 37
4. JavaScript………………………………………………………………………………… 41
4.1. First basic program ……………………………………………………………. 41
4.2. Basic elements of JavaScript ………………………………………………. 43
4.2.1. Comments ……………………………………………………………. 43
4.2.2. Literals …………………………………………………………………. 43
4.3. Data types and variables ……………………………………………………. 44
4.3.1. Variables ………………………………………………………………. 44
4.3.2. References ……………………………………………………………. 45
4.3.3. Vectors …………………………………………………………………. 45
4.3.4. Operators ……………………………………………………………… 46
4.4. Control structures …………………………………………………………….. 46
4.4.1. Conditional forks ………………………………………………….. 46
4.4.2. Loops …………………………………………………………………… 47
4.4.3. Object handling structures …………………………………….. 47
4.5. Functions …………………………………………………………………………. 48
4.6. Objects …………………………………………………………………………….. 48
4.6.1. Defining objects in JavaScript ………………………………… 48
4.6.2. Inheritance …………………………………………………………… 49
4.6.3. Predefined objects …………………………………………………. 49
4.7. Events ……………………………………………………………………………… 50
5. Practical: creating a complex web page using the
techniques described………………………………………………………………. 52
Bibliography………………………………………………………………………………….. 61
Text structured format: XML
1. Introduction to XML………………………………………………………………. 5
2. XML………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9
2.1. Well-formed document ……………………………………………………… 10
2.2. Well-formed is equivalent to analysable ……………………………… 11
2.3. Namespaces ……………………………………………………………………… 12
2.3.1. Using namespaces …………………………………………………. 13
3. Validation: DTD and XML Schema………………………………………… 15
3.1. DTD ………………………………………………………………………………… 15
3.1.1. Syntactic conventions of DTD ……………………………….. 16
3.1.2. ELEMENT element ………………………………………………… 17
3.1.3. ATTLIST element ………………………………………………….. 19
3.1.4. Linking documents to a DTD …………………………………. 21
3.2. XML Schema ……………………………………………………………………. 23
3.2.1. The element …………………………………………. 25
3.2.2. Simple elements ……………………………………………………. 26
3.2.3. Attributes ……………………………………………………………… 27
3.2.4. Content restrictions ………………………………………………. 28
3.2.5. Complex elements in XSD …………………………………….. 33
3.2.6. Indicators for complex types ………………………………….. 38
4. Transformations: XSLT…………………………………………………………… 42
4.1. Simple transformation ………………………………………………………. 43
4.2. The xsl:template element…………………………………………….. 45
4.3. The value-of element ……………………………………………………… 46
4.4. The xsl:for-each element ……………………………………………… 46
4.5. Sorting information: xsl:sort…………………………………………… 47
4.6. Conditions in XSL ……………………………………………………………. 48
4.6.1. The xsl:if element …………………………………………………. 48
4.6.2. The xsl:choose element……………………………………. 49
4.7. The xsl:apply-templates element …………………………………. 50
4.8. Introduction to XPath ………………………………………………………. 51
4.8.1. Selecting unknown elements …………………………………. 52
4.8.2. Selecting branches of the tree ………………………………… 53
4.8.3. Selecting multiple branches …………………………………… 53
4.8.4. Selecting attributes ……………………………………………….. 54
4.8.5. Functions library …………………………………………………… 54
5. Practical: creating an XML document with its
corresponding XML Schema and transformations with
XSLT…………………………………………………………………………………………. 55
Dynamic content
1. CGI……………………………………………………………………………………………. 5
1.1. Introduction to CGIs ………………………………………………………… 5
1.2. Communicating with CGIs ……………………………………………….. 5
1.3. CGI response ……………………………………………………………………. 6
1.3.1. Decoding of the QUERY_STRING ……………………………. 8
1.4. Redirections ……………………………………………………………………… 9
2. PHP…………………………………………………………………………………………… 10
2.1. The workings of PHP ………………………………………………………… 10
2.2. PHP syntax ………………………………………………………………………. 11
2.3. Variables ………………………………………………………………………….. 12
2.4. Operators …………………………………………………………………………. 14
2.5. Control structures …………………………………………………………….. 15
2.5.1. Conditionals ………………………………………………………… 15
2.5.2. Loops …………………………………………………………………… 17
2.6. Functions …………………………………………………………………………. 19
2.7. Using PHP for web applications …………………………………………. 20
2.7.1. Displaying information …………………………………………. 20
2.7.2. Collecting user information …………………………………… 21
2.8. String functions ………………………………………………………………… 22
2.9. File access ………………………………………………………………………… 23
2.10. Database access ………………………………………………………………… 23
2.10.1. Access to mySQL from PHP ……………………………………. 24
2.10.2. Access to PostgreSQL from PHP ……………………………… 25
2.11. More information …………………………………………………………….. 26
3. Java servlets and JSP………………………………………………………………. 27
3.1. Introduction to Java servlets ……………………………………………… 27
3.1.1. Efficiency ……………………………………………………………… 27
3.1.2. Ease of use …………………………………………………………… 27
3.1.3. Power …………………………………………………………………… 28
3.1.4. Portability …………………………………………………………….. 28
3.2. Introduction to Java Server Pages or JSP ……………………………… 28
3.3. The servlets/JSP server ……………………………………………………….. 29
3.4. A simple servlet ………………………………………………………………… 30
3.5. Compiling and executing servlets ………………………………………. 31
3.6. Generating content from servlets ……………………………………….. 31
3.7. Handling form data ………………………………………………………….. 33
3.8. The HTTP request: HttpRequest …………………………………………. 37
3.9. Additional request information ………………………………………….. 38
3.10. Status and response codes …………………………………………………. 39
3.10.1. Status codes ………………………………………………………….. 39
GNUFDL • PID_00148398 Dynamic content
3.10.2. Return headers ……………………………………………………… 39
3.11. Session monitoring …………………………………………………………… 40
3.11.1. Obtaining the session associated with the request …….. 41
3.11.2. Accessing the associated information ……………………… 41
3.12. Java Server Pages: JSP ………………………………………………………… 42
3.12.1. Script elements………………………………………………………… 43
3.12.2. JSP directives ………………………………………………………… 45
3.12.3. Predefined variables ………………………………………………. 48
3.12.4. Actions ………………………………………………………………… 49
4. Other dynamic content options…………………………………………….. 54
5. Practical: creation of a simple application with the
techniques described………………………………………………………………. 56
5.1. CGI …………………………………………………………………………………. 56
5.2. Java Servlet ……………………………………………………………………….

Database access:JDBC
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………….. 5
1. Introduction to databases……………………………………………………… 7
1.1. PostgreSQL ……………………………………………………………………….. 7
1.2. MySQL …………………………………………………………………………….. 8
1.3. SAP DB …………………………………………………………………………….. 8
1.4. FirebirdSQL ………………………………………………………………………. 9
2. Controllers and addresses………………………………………………………. 10
2.1. JDBC controllers ……………………………………………………………….. 10
2.2. Loading the Java driver …………………………………………………….. 11
2.3. Database addresses ……………………………………………………………. 11
2.4. Connecting to the database ……………………………………………….. 12
3. Basic database access……………………………………………………………… 13
3.1. Basic statements ……………………………………………………………….. 13
3.1.1. Multiple results …………………………………………………….. 14
3.2. Results ……………………………………………………………………………… 15
3.2.1. Processing null……………………………………………………….. 17
3.2.2. Large data types ……………………………………………………. 17
3.3. Bug management ……………………………………………………………… 18
3.3.1. SQL warnings…………………………………………………………. 19
4. Prepared statements and stored procedures………………………… 20
4.1. Prepared statements ………………………………………………………….. 20
4.2. Stored procedures ……………………………………………………………… 21
5. Transactions…………………………………………………………………………….. 23
6. Metadata………………………………………………………………………………….. 25
6.1. Database metadata ……………………………………………………………. 25
6.1.1. Information on the DBMS …………………………………….. 25
6.1.2. Information on the JDBC driver used ……………………… 26
6.1.3. Information on the operating limits of the DBMS …….. 26
6.1.4. Information on the database schema ………………………. 27
6.2. Results metadata ………………………………………………………………. 27
7. Practical: database access………………………………………………………. 28

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